When the nerves roots in the lumbar region (lower back) are impacted by an irritation or abnormal compression, a condition known as sciatica occurs. Also known as lumbar radiculopathy, the result of the condition is pain, general weakness and changes in sensation in the lower back, hips buttocks, legs and feet.

The discs of the spinal column, which lie in between the individual vertebrae, are comprised of two main parts: an inner core containing the nucleus pulposus, and an outer wall known as the annulus fibrosis. Occasionally the outer wall deteriorates or develops a tear, and the nucleus pulposus leaks out into that outer wall, causing the disc to bulge or protrude.